This is one real issue that the malayalees has faced so far and that is the reason why they are so frightened.
Mullaperiyar is the dam which holds the water in Periyar tiger reserve in thekkady lake. It is one of highest ( it situates ~ 3000 ft above sea level )ย and oldest dams ( more than 115 years old ) in India or probably in the world. It was built by the east india Company. . It was constructed between 1887 and 1895 by the British Government to divert water eastwards to Madras Presidency area (the present-day Tamil Nadu). It has a height of 53.6ย m (176ย ft) from the foundation and length of 365.7ย m (1,200ย ft). The dam and the river are owned by and located in Kerala but the dam is controlled and operated under a period lease by neigboring Tamil Nadu state.. The safety of the dam has been a matter of concern and a point of dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu States.
ย Lease
On 29 October 1886, a lease indenture for 999 years was made between the Maharaja of Travancore, Visakham Thirunal Rama Varma and the British Secretary of State for India for Periyar Irrigation Works. The lease agreement was signed by Dewan of Travancore V Ram Iyengar and State Secretary of Madras State J C Hannington. This lease was made after 24 years negotiation between the Maharaja and the British. The lease indenture granted full right, power and liberty the Secretary of State for India to construct make and carry out on the leased land and to use exclusively when constructed, made and carried out, all such irrigation works and other works ancillary thereto to. The agreement gave 8000 acres of land for the reservoir and another 100 acres to construct the dam. The tax for each acre was
5 per year. The lease provided the British the rights over “all the waters” of the Mullaperiyar and its catchment basin, for an annual rent of
40,000.
In 1947, after Indian Independence, the lease agreement expired. After several failed attempts to renew the agreement in 1958, 1960, and 1969, the agreement was renewed in 1970 when C Achutha Menon was Kerala Chief Minister. According to the renewed agreement, the tax per acre was increased to
30, and for the electricity generated in Lower Camp using Mullaperiyar water, the charge was
12 per kiloWatt per hour. Tamil Nadu uses the water and the land, and the Tamil Nadu government has been paying to the Kerala government for the past 50 years
2.5 lakhs as tax per year for the whole land and
7.5 lakhs per year as surcharge for the total amount of electricity generated. The validity of this agreement is under dispute between the States of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The matter is currently pending before a Division Bench of the Supreme Court.
Will the dam collapse ?
I feel it will. Because of Three reasons mainly
1. The dam was build in an era when the technology was so primitive and the materials used were not strong enough to keep the dam erect any longer.
2. 30 tons of the materials has been eroding from the dam every year causing a long crack
3. The recent earth quakes.
Why then they cant build a new dam ?
hmm here lies the issue with TamilNadu.
1. With the new dam the old lease agreement will no longer be valid.
2. TN fears that they will no longer get enough water for cultivating hundreds of thousands of acres of their land in 5-6 districts – they are not realizing that if the dam collapse, these land will get converted to a desert and the people will stave to death.
3. Even if they gets, they may have to pay extra. They pays 1000 times the amount that is paid to kerala, for buying almost the same amount of water from Andhra Padesh.
4. The new dam will be build and operated by Kerala ( After all this river is not an interstate one – it originates in Kerala – flows through Kerala and ends in Kerala )
What if the dam collapse ?
In simple words – 4 districts of kerala will drown in the water. 5-6 districts of Tamilnadu will be having famine.
1. If the dam collapse, the water will flow directly to Idukki dam -Which , i do not think it can withstand the huge pressure in which the water arrives.
2. Even if the arch dam does, the 2 other dams in the reservoir – Cheruthoni and Kulamavu may be washed away.
3. If any of these collapse – 5 or more dams down stream will be washed away!
4. There will be water at a height of 10 -15 feet in Kochi for atleast 4-5 hours till this water drains to the sea.
5. ALL the connectivity – road , rail, air, telephone , mobile , power will be lost
6. Kochi airport ( CIAL ) will be no more/
7. BPCL oil refinery will be washed away.
8. Southern naval command willย be under water.
9. The major share of power generation in Kerala is from Idukki dam – if it collapse, the entire state will be in darkness for years.
10. The collapse of the Mullaperiyar dam will bring the Tamil districts near Theniย and Madurai to a 100% famine.
Now you decide what we need – a dam or a disaster ?